Magical Realism Symbolism Essay Example

Mystical Realism Symbolism Paper Mystical Realism and Symbolism In scholarly works, to focus on a fruitful story the essayists state however much as could reasonably be expected more or less. They utilize three accessible assets which are image, moral story, and dream. In writing a purposeful anecdote Is unconstrained and its a universe of images. This scholarly gadget Is a story that has a more profound and increasingly broad significance notwithstanding Its surface importance giving a heap of characters. Articles, or occasions with included hugeness. A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquee is a Tory that consolidates creative mind with occasions that we live ordinary. This tale keeps the peruser holding on to discover the genuine significance behind the old keeps an eye on visit. It is a blue world when Appeal finds an elderly person with huge, harmed wings stuck in the mud. This odd guest claims a couple of wings and talks a strange lingo, nobody knows without a doubt who or what he Is. Garcia Marquezs short story shows reality with regards to us and society all in all by analyzing two of the most recognizable and significant images which are the title character, the Old Man, which is an image of scarification and the Spider-Girl, which represents acknowledgment. The responses from the individuals of the town toward the physical appearance of an unusual animal with a bare skull, only a couple of teeth in his mouth and colossal and filthy wings like an uncommon heavenly attendant, shows how individuals are extremely biased to contrasts of others. They saw the Old Man as an odd figure Just by taking a gander at his external shell. We will compose a custom exposition test on Magical Realism Symbolism explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Magical Realism Symbolism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Magical Realism Symbolism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In spite of the reality he has an extraordinary resource of a blessed messenger with those wings the Old Man is dealt with mass in the event that he werent an otherworldly animal yet a bazaar creature. (270) The individuals didnt comprehend his tongue and Just on the grounds that he was old, grimy and his wings mutilated he was viewed as slight to be a heavenly attendant. Father Kananga stated, He had a deplorable smell of the outside, the posterior of his wings was thronw with parasites and his primary plumes had been abused by earthly breezes, and nothing about him matched the pleased diddling of holy messengers. (271) Since, holy messengers are normally delineated as delightful, youthful, and clean and the Old Man didnt persevere these characteristics he was viewed as an illegal heavenly attendant and in this manner abused by his appearance. The man with gigantic wings exhibits honorable attributes that qualify him as a heavenly attendant. This respectable man never went to them w ith savagery in light of how they rewarded him, on the opposite he brings them favorable luck. This obviously shows segregation in light of the fact that the wings the elderly person conveyed made him extraordinarily unique and this was the support for the individuals rewarding him with such brutality. The story says, With the cash they spared they manufactured a two-story manor with overhangs and gardens and high netting so the crabs wouldnt get in during the entomb, and with iron bars on the window so the holy messenger wouldnt get in. (273) The organization of the blessed messenger profoundly changed Appeal, Lessened, and their children lifestyle. I nee went Trot Dealing moderately poor to Dealing individuals AT extraordinary riches logical inconsistency, they didn't do anything for the holy messenger to express gratitude toward him and Just left him in the chicken coop like a creature. Alongside these two individuals, the towns individuals didnt see the inward shell of this animal and Just put together their qualities with respect to his by and large The Spider-Girl is acknowledged by the individuals since she was comprehended by the individuals. Despite the fact that this womans physical appearance appears to remember none for relationship with holy messengers, on the opposite shes an, A horrible tarantula the size of a smash and with the leader of a miserable lady. (273) She is treated with significantly more regard than the Old Man. An insect is typically portrayed as enormous, bristly, revolting, and startling but she is allowed to be acknowledged by the towns individuals by fascinating them with stories and giving her genuine self. The Spider-Girl, who is an image of acknowledgment and is an away from of the Old Man. Her account of defying her folks by going out and for damaging their lagers and being struck by lighting and changed into a goliath terrible tarantula is the key for acknowledgment. Her confirmation cost is substantially more lower than that of the Old Man and she addresses her guests clarifying the purpose for her appearance. Since her story is straightforward and her clarification is an unmistakable good, the individuals trust her and acknowledge her. Interestingly, the Old Man never really clarify the purpose for his appearance, doesnt engage individuals the way the Spider-Girl does, and rather his marvels are drawn as down to earth Jokes. It is by all accounts an open acknowledgment of heavenly clarifications for such straightforward norms. In scholarly works, purposeful anecdotes help the peruser add to the point that the creator is attempting to make. For instance, dynamic characteristics are appeared through the two characters, the Old Man and the Spider-Girl and this embodies the characters and it relates the present reality with the entire race issue. It helps with grouping the jobs of an individual quality and characteristic by driving hints for the peruser to follow the more profound significance. Utilizing moral stories in a bit of fiction makes the composing additionally intriguing and one of a kind and keeps the perusers tested. Garcia

How to Register as a Government Contractor

Step by step instructions to Register as a Government Contractor For a great many independent companies, contracting for the offer of their products and enterprises to the central government organizations opens the entryways of development, opportunity and, obviously, success. Yet, before you can offer on and be granted government agreements, you or your business must be enlisted as government temporary worker. Getting enrolled as an administration temporary worker is a four-advance procedure. 1. Get a D-U-N-S Number You will initially need to get a Dun Bradstreet D-U-N-Sâ ® Number, a novel nine-digit recognizable proof number for each physical area of your business. D-U-N-S Number task is free for all organizations required to enlist with the national government for agreements or awards. Visit the D-U-N-S Request Service to enroll and become familiar with the D-U-N-S framework. 2. Register Your Business in the SAM Database The System Award Management (SAM) asset is the database of sellers of merchandise and enterprises working with the government. Now and again called â€Å"self-certifying,† SAM enrollment is required by the Federal Acquisitions Regulations (FAR) for every imminent seller. SAM enlistment must be finished before your business can be granted any administration contract, fundamental understanding, essential requesting understanding, or cover buy understanding. SAM enlistment is free and should be possible totally on the web. As a feature of SAM enrollment process you will have the option to record your business’ size and financial status, just as all FAR-required requesting conditions and accreditations. These affirmations are clarified in the Offeror’s Representations and Certifications - Commercial Items segment of the FAR. SAM enlistment additionally fills in as an important advertising apparatus for government contracting organizations. The government offices routinely search the SAM database to discover forthcoming sellers dependent on merchandise and ventures gave, size, area, experience, possession and the sky is the limit from there. Likewise, SAM advises the organizations regarding firms that are guaranteed under the SBA’s 8(a) Development and HUBZone programs. 3. Discover Your Company’s NAICS Code While it’s not completely important, odds are you should locate your North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code. NAICS codes characterize organizations as indicated by their monetary segment, industry, and area. Contingent upon the items and administrations they offer, numerous organizations may fit udner various NAICS industry codes. At the point when you register your business in the SAM database, make certain to list the entirety of its appropriate NAICS codes. 4. Get Past Performance Evaluations In the event that you need to get in on the worthwhile General Services Administration (GSA) agreements and you should need to you have to get a Past Performance Evaluation report from Open Ratings, Inc. Open Ratings leads a free review of client references and ascertains a rating dependent on a measurable examination of different execution information and study reactions. While some GSA sales for offers do contain the structure to demand an Open Ratings Past Performance Evaluation, merchants may present an online solicitation straightforwardly to Open Ratings, Inc. Things You Will Need for Registration Here are a portion of the things you will require while enrolling your business. Your NAICS codesYour DUNS - Data Universal Numbering System numberYour Federal Tax Identification Number (TIN or EIN)Your Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codesYour Product Service codes (discretionary however helpful)Your Federal Supply Classification codes (discretionary yet supportive) Clearly, these codes and confirmations are designed for making it simpler for the central government buying and contracting specialists to discover your business and match it to their particular needs.â US Government Contracting Rules to Know When you are enrolled as an administration contractual worker, you will be required to agree to a few laws, rules, guidelines, and methodology while working with the legislature. By a long shot the two generally significant of these laws are the previously mentioned Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) and the 1994 Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act (FASA). In any case, there are numerous different laws and guidelines that manage government contracting. Government Contracting Procedures Briefly Every organization of the government conducts business with people in general through three explicit approved specialists, called contracting officials. These officials are: The Procurement Contracting Officer (PCO)- grants agreements and manages contract terminations in the occasion the contractual worker defaults on the footing of the contract.The Administrative Contracting Officer (ACO)- controls the contract.The Termination Contracting Officer (TCO)- manages contract terminations when the administration decides to end the agreement for its own reasons. Contingent upon the circumstance, a similar individual may the PCO, the ACO, and the TCO. As a sovereign element (the sole decision power), the government holds rights that business organizations don't have. Maybe above all, the administration has the privilege to singularly change the conditions of the agreement, given that the progressions are inside the general parameters of the agreement.

Financing your education at SIPA Part 7 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Financing your education at SIPA Part 7 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Our last post about financing your education focused on student loan repayments options to consider when youre first thinking about taking out a loan or when youre weighing your repayment options as you prepare to graduate from SIPA (or any other institution). One new initiative that we’re excited about at SIPA is the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program.   Under this program, student borrowers who pursue careers in the non-profit or public service sectors can have their outstanding loan balance forgiven after 120 months of repayment.   This forgiveness program applies to Federal Direct Loans (also known as Stafford Loans), Graduate PLUS loans, and Federal Direct Consolidation Loans.   It is not available for Federal Perkins Loans or any type of private loans. If a student borrower qualifies for the Income Based Repayment program (available to borrowers with lower incomes during repayment), the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program can save a borrower a considerable amount of money; depending on the amount borrowed, maybe tens of thousands of dollars.   As many SIPA students seek out such employment before, during and after graduation, this is an initiative that we want all SIPA students who borrow to be aware of.   For more information, visit any of these websites: www.studentaid.ed.gov/publicservice http://www.myfedloan.org/manage-account/loan-forgiveness-discharge-programs/public-service-loan-forgiveness.shtml http://www.finaid.org/loans/publicservice.phtml These 120 monthly payments need not be consecutive; for instance, if you start working in the non-profit sector immediately after graduating, work for a while in the private sector but then return to non-profit, you could still qualify.   However, you do have to make 120 monthly payments while working in the non-profit sector.   Your loan servicer will need verification of employment.   Note: while paying off your loan quickly (in 10 years or less) will save you money by minimizing interest, it will also prevent you from being able to take advantage of Public Service Loan Forgiveness, because if after the 120 monthly payments you have no remaining balance, there will be no outstanding loan amount to be forgiven.   It cannot be applied retroactively to loan amounts already paid off. Non-profit or public sector employment may include any of the following:             A Federal, State, local, or Tribal government organization, agency, or entity;             A public child or family service agency;             Volunteering full-time in the Peace Corps or AmeriCorps;             A non-profit organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code that is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code;             A Tribal college or university; or             A private non-profit organization (that is not a labor union or a partisan political organization) that provides at least one of the following public services: Emergency management Military service Public safety or law enforcement Public interest law services Early childhood education (including licensed or regulated child care, Head Start, and state-funded pre-kindergarten) Public service for individuals with disabilities and the elderly Public health (including nurses, nurse practitioners, nurses in a clinical setting, and full-time professionals engaged in health care practitioner occupations and health care support occupations) Public education or other school-based services Public or school library services This employment must be full-time (an average of at least 30 hours a week) and while in most cases the exact nature of the work does not matter, it cannot include religious instruction or worship, or any kind of proselytizing.   Work for a labor union or partisan political organization also does not count as public service for purposes of this program. There are circumstances in which your student loans can’t be forgiven but at least you would be able to halt payments temporarily.   This is called either deferment or forbearance, and is applicable for enrolling at least half-time in a degree program, serving in the military (including the National Guard or Reserves), unemployed or experiencing economic hardship, or serving in the Peace Corps.   In some cases, interest may continue to accrue on your loans, which you would ultimately be responsible for, but deferment or forbearance may help a borrower out during times that making loan payments would create a hardship.   For more information, visit these sites: http://studentaid.ed.gov/repay-loans http://studentaid.ed.gov/repay-loans/deferment-forbearance If you choose to borrow student loans to attend SIPA, online entrance counseling will be provided so you can get more details about your rights and responsibilities as a borrower.   But if you have questions at any time or would like to learn more about borrowing, feel free to contact us at sipa_finaid@columbia.edu.

Essay on The Holy Bible - Suffering and The Book of Job

Suffering and The Book of Job Life is difficult. Suffering...is not an exception to the human condition, it is the human condition (Gomes 405). The question of why life can be unjustly cruel is asked today and has been asked since the beginning of time. And where is God in the midst of hardship? Is He non-existent, as the pagan statement, Its Chance alone that moves and rules our lives implies (Neiman 442). Or is God only partially in control of situations, as Harold Kushner concludes, writing, there are some things God does not control (462). Is all suffering a direct result of our own actions, as David Neiman offers (He who is suffering and believes in a God of justice, must also blame himself for†¦show more content†¦Job, a righteous man devastated beyond imagination, cries out to God in a way many can identify with. He expresses his anger toward God (10:8), feels separated from God (13:24), and demands an answer form God (10:2). However, the reader can observe Jobs struggle with his righteousness. He claims his innocence and even presents to God specific deeds he has done throughout his life (29:1-25). But then he constantly comes back to the same question: But how can a man be just before God? (9:2). This pr ofound question is crucial to our understanding of our relationship to God and our acceptance of His will. As good as Job is, when he sees himself in the light of Gods perfection, he realizes that he is just as wretched as the next guy. God owes him nothing. Gods very first words to Job, Who is this that darkens counsel by words without knowledge? (38:2) speak clearly to all people. The problem of mans existence is that he does not know what is going on in the universe beyond the veil of mystery, and is unaware of the workings of God (Neiman 443). God has a perfect understanding of justice, an omniscience that we cannot fathom, and, as Biblical history has shown, God has perhaps used people unfairly to accomplish his will. For believing Christians, God performed the most unfair act of all by allowing Christ, His son, to be mocked, tortured, andShow MoreRelatedSatan in Paradaise Lost and Dantes Inferno1138 Words   |  5 Pages After God created the Earth and mankind, all was right in the Holy kingdom. That is until, a friend, the bearer of light, the morning star fell in battle and ultimately in darkness. This fateful battle made true everything we know and live now. Milton and Dante play on this every concept in two very d ifferent ways, for Milton a cunning reflection of man and for Dante an animalisitic dunce. Milton and Dante use the Bible stories as a backdrop for their epic poems of love and of loss whereinRead MoreLiterary Analysis on the Book of Job3072 Words   |  13 PagesNovember 2010 ] The Book of Job: An Examination Of all of the stories, fables, proverbs, and histories of the Bible, The Book of Job is one of the most compelling due to its unique literary style and the complex treatment of the issue of suffering. Unlike other books of the Bible, The Book of Job details a conflict between man and God within a poetic structure, and is the only book in the Bible to take on the problem of suffering as its main purpose. Throughout the book, Job pleads to God for allRead MoreWisdom Tradition And The Old Testament Essay2163 Words   |  9 PagesWisdom Tradition is a term applied to the Old Testament books of Proverbs, Job, Sirach, Wisdom of Solomon, and Ecclesiastes. Wisdom Tradition books all share characteristics and points of view that are somewhat different than other biblical books. Wisdom tradition has very prominent characteristics from other books in the Old Testament such as a search for the goal of life, how to master it and questioning the problems of life, showing interest to human expe riences that affect all people, joy ofRead MoreEssay on Terror in America2378 Words   |  10 PagesCitys police and firemen. And the causalities were not just Americans. They included nearly 1,000 citizens from thirty-seven different countries. Holy War Horror Since the attack on America, it has been all the more chilling to realize that Arabs, motivated by radical Islamic beliefs, carried out these acts. Their masterminds speak of a Holy War, a Jihad against the West. International terrorism once threatened Americans outside their country. Since September 11th, the front line of attackRead MoreThe Vampire Lestat and the Problem of Eternal Damnation Essay3601 Words   |  15 Pages Mortal sins destroy the grace of God in the heart of the sinner. By their very nature, a mortal sin cuts our relationship off from God and turns man away from his creator. (Saintaquinas.com: 1) If mortal sin is a grave matter, what does the bible constitute as being a grave matter? One idea to look upon is breaking any one of the Ten Commandments, although some are not considered as grave as others. St. Paul offers us a list of such offences, which if committed will not allow the sinner toRead More Silence In Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin Essay2241 Words   |  9 Pagesinstances in the Bible, the theological writings of Carlyle, aspects of Buddhist and Quaker religion, and contemporary Unitarian sermons. In search of silence we pick up Stowes novel in chapter twelve with Mr. Haley and Tom driving southward in their wagon, each, for a time, absorbed in his own reflections.[2] The audience is privileged to hear what both are privately thinking. Haley ponders how much he can get for selling Tom while Tom ponders his fate, his family, and the bible. Finally, HaleyRead MoreEssay about Beef...and Why It Shouldnt Be Whats for Dinner5062 Words   |  21 Pagesfor the ideology of a plant-based diet as a misguided trend, this is hardly the case. The consumption of meat is a practice that causes numerous health risks and takes a significant toll on the environment, all at the unnecessary expense of the suffering of innocent creatures; society as a whole would be better served in making a universal transition to a healthier, less violent vegetarian lifestyle. Such a conversion would leave the world a better place, benefiting our earth and our health as wellRead More Discipleship Essay3499 Words   |  14 Pagesis not a biography. He did not include every minor detail, but only the points about Jesus that he thought were helpful for his community to cope with persecution. For this reason, I will be using Mark’s Gospel as reference material throughout this essay, and also because there is a sense in which Mark’s gospel, with the intention of giving testimony to the Good News, also provides a really effective teaching manual for his early church readership. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I have already shownRead MoreRichard Allen s Influence On African Americans8445 Words   |  34 Pagespreacher by the name of Freeborn Garretson, who did not know slavery was wrong, since he never read a book stating that it was wrong, and no one ever told him about the evil doing.[footnoteRef:1] Once Rev. Garretson saw that slavery was wrong, he freed his slaves. Through this religious experience, Richard Allen got to know Jesus Christ he said that his ?heart was beating strangely warm?. The Bible says in 2nd Corinthians 5:17 ?Therefore if any man is in Christ, he is a new creature: old things areRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 PagesSolomon thinks that in viewing folly (for example, that of the Three Stooges comedies) we can see our own tendency to unwise behavior and that it can help us become more modest and compassionate—both important steps to becoming wiser. The encyclopedia essay also indicates that some thinkers view h umor as a form of play and that humor has â€Å"until recently has been treated as roughly co-extensive with laughter,† though the two are not really the same.7 Chesterton also distinguishes between laughter and humor

NATO Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2695 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Review Did you like this example? ILP CW3 336083 The use of force has been a long-debated topic within the scope of collective security and can be said to be linked directly to the sovereignty of states. Along the passing of time, unauthorized use of force or threats has been abolished and now, it has become a rule of law making such acts to be war crimes. Generally impermissible, however there will be certain situations where use of force can be deemed lawful such as for the purposes of self-defence, humanitarian intervention and pre-emptive power inter alia. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "NATO Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order In the following part of this essay, the discussion will be based largely on UN and NATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s previous humanitarian operations, assessing the details of intervention of the said organizations. The United Nations Charter in article 2(4)[1] restricts the use of force by member of states to the UN. The charter explicitly prohibits members in their international relations to act against territorial or political independence of any state by threat of force or other acts inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.[2] This has been made law upon the ratification of all member states and is protected by the United Nations Charter 1945. Academics translated this provision to be prohibiting the use of force as in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“territorial integrity or political independence of statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ; and exception to this would be instances such as self-defence and those listed under Chapter VIII by the UN Security Council. The general principle is to restrict the u se of armed forces except in cases such as; there is collective action-pursued to maintain or to restore peace[3]; and Article 51 which provides that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right to individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a state.[4] Referring back to self-defence, On March 23rd, 1999, NATO began a three-month-long bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, allegedly to prevent the ethnic cleansing of Kosovar Albanians in the semi-autonomous region of Serbia by Slobodan MiloseviÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s authoritarian regime. Mr Robertson, Secretary of State for Defence at that time, expressed the Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s stand regarding the multinational NATO intervention in Kosovo as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"We are in no doubt that NATO is acting within international law. Our legal justification rests upon the accepted principle that force may be used in extrem e circumstances to avert a humanitarian catastrophe. Those circumstances clearly exist in Kosovoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[5] The use of force in such circumstances can be justified as a peculiar measure parallel to the purposes laid down by the UN Security Council, but without the Councils express authorisation, when that is the only means to avert an immediate and overwhelming humanitarian catastrophe. UN Security Council resolution 1199 clearly calls on the Yugoslav authorities to take immediate steps to cease their repression of the Kosovar Albanians and to seek solution to the issue. During the NATO intervention in Kosovo in 1999, NATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision to deploy armed forces did not acquire clear legal authorization as its governments might have desired. Despite these, a clear cut judgment could not be achieved as to its legality. The main legal arguments used to support the NATO action in Kosovo according to Adam Roberts (Roberts 1999) would concern the United Nations Resolutions. UN resolution 1199 of 23rd September 1998 demanded Yugoslavia to cease all action by the forces that are affecting the member of public. Upon this warning, it was explicitly stated that action would be taken should the demand not be followed. Resolution 1203 of 24th October 1998 required the Serbs to conform to a number of key provisions of the accords completed in Belgrade. These resolutions also allowed the NATO Alliance to have a direct standing and interest in the affair of Kosovo. Having said these, if the UN Security Council couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t follow these resolutions into Kosovo with a specific authority to use force, the legal ground for NATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s military action could be found in the resolution. On 26th March 1999, two days after the bombing started, Russia supported a draft UN resolution calling for an immediate termination of the use of force against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Russiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s stand was supported by two non-member states, India and Belarus. Only three member states (Russia, China and Namibia) voted in favour and twelve against this draft resolution. Sovereignty of state could not be said to be an absolute good. According to John Simmons, a legal definition of a right that is dependent on the safeguard of citizens within such a state (Simmons 1999). If these citizens are treated with oppression, then there is a legal basis for external force or powers, under the authorization of the United Nations, to step in to intervene for humanitarian purposes. Human interest should replace national interest as the driving force of human effort. State boundaries are merely social and political in nature that may vary according to beliefs, cultural or political agendas. Human interest is irreversible. Whatever moral good the entity of statehood is believed to have, it must prioritize the greater necessities of the rights of humanity. The United Nations Security-General (UNSG) introdu ced something they called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"vision of collective securityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which appealed to UN member states. The vision outlines a holistic notion of human security, including a common peace-building mission, along with several new organizations that works towards the purpose of the UN.[6] Along time as liberalization is expected to lead to democratization, humanitarian efforts are expected to lead to peacekeeping, and democratization to peacebuilding. In simple words, it is expected that peacekeeping will lead to self-sustainable peace between, within and across states. Joensson in his article states that unfortunately, in theory and practice, it is suggested that collective security discourse is overestimating the stabilizing effects of negotiated peace agreements and UN multidimensional peacekeeping under the current collective security arrangement.[7] Efforts to end and prevent conflict and implement processed of political and economic liberalization have called on forceful armed power intervention and intrusive protocols that are proven to be detrimental democratization and peace.[8] Joensson further commented that the UN on several occasions have been à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"forced to compromise its objectives to match the little success that has actually been achieved in practice.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ This suggests that instead of strengthening the post-conflict states from within, the multidimensional operations are conveying an international culture of dependency in which the internal stability of weak states become increasingly dependent on external assistance.[9] Having said this, there is a clash between short and long-term goals if multidimensional peacekeeping, and a gap between UNà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power to act, as well as between the collective security discourse and global world order.[10] A generally accepted example of the success of collective security would be the Gulf War that taken place in 1990. The Security Council passed resol utions calling for unconditional withdrawal including Article 41 for economic sanctions and Chapter VII for a US-led alliance of armed forces. After 6 weeks, operation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Desert Stormà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ had totally broken the resistance of Iraqi troops. The key point to note here is the legitimating function of collective security by the UN. Although it happens that powerful state may override the protocol of bypassing the legitimization process, examples such the 2003 Iraq invasion subsequently led to serious unease. Claude also makes this point naming the UN as an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"agency of collective legitimizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. It is suggested that with the approval of the Security Council, use of force could be conceived as acceptable because of such endorsement. Despite the UN playing such a significant role in international relations, there is still doubt as to whether the UN is successful in achieving its purpose in collective security. The Cold War is one o f the failures of the UN in achieving the so-called collective security, reason being the veto given by Article 27 Chapter3. Consequently, the operation was paralyzed because any threat to the interests of the US or the Soviet Union resulted in a veto preventing the UN from taking action. Efforts of collective security by the UN are hampered when there is superpower present among the parties. Although collective security is said to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"superiorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in the sense that the preponderant physical powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to defer or defect potential breaches of peace and security and because the overall diffusion power is more stabilizing than shifts in the distribution of power.[11] This operates in contrary when there is a single superpower that is stronger than the collective powers. An example of this case is when America took a unilateral use of force when armed forces were deployed in Iraq on 2003 without the approval of the Security Council. Claude emphasized the failing system of collective security and linking this to the Korean War. He stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"it is neither feasible to carry out nor prudent to undertake collective security operations direct or indirectly opposing a major power.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Another case that was brought forward to the Security Council is the Vietnam War where Adam Roberts and Benedict Kingsbury mentioned the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"selective securityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in light of the flawed system of collective security.[12] Acts of aggression were obvious here in this situation but when Laos went against Hanoi in 1959, and Cambodia against USA and Vietnam in 1964, no actions were taken to restore peace. Up till this point, can collective security be said to be an effective system to fulfil the humanitarian purpose of the UN? Critics highlighted NATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lack of action in defence of Kurdish or East Timorese human rights from abuse by the Turkish and Indonesian s tates simultaneous to Operation Allied Force[13], and reinforced this as the evidence of selective moral conscience of the West. Questions were raised as to why NATO had acted only over Kosovo when there was no effort to restore peace and stop the Croatian governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ethnic cleansing of Serbs from the Krajina in 1995[14] The success of collective security could be measure by the fact that a major conflict has not broken out since the previous second world war, despite the demoralizing acts of the Islamic State taking place currently. However, UNà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"multidimensional peacekeepingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ approach, whereby conflicts and humanitarian emergencies are regarded as threats to peace, arguably has represented a new dawn of interventionist collective security[15]. Since the end of the Cold War, the UN has looked into very much humanitarian issues and intra-state conflict, where former Secretary General Kofi Annan argued that states have a duty to protect its own citizens, but in the event of a failure, that responsibility must be borne by the broader international community[16]. Of course it can be argued that it would be possible to intervene in every case of human right abuses, Booth responds that this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"merely says that on a particular occasion NATO acted in accordance with humanitarian objectives; not that as a matter of principle that NATO acts out of respect for themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[17] On the other hand, Coady argues that it is important to scrutinize responses to humanitarian crises, as from a classical utilitarianism perspective, total impartiality between targets of intervention is necessary to ensure the best is achieved[18]. Although the previously mentioned critics are in agreement that Kosovar Albanians suffered immensely under the Yugoslav regime, they bought up that the primary motive for an action will have influence on the methods used, and that for humanitarian interven tions, the absence of humanitarianism at the core of the made decision could cause the lives of civilians. Adding on, the basis when NATO has made moral judgments to intervene or not adds to the suspicion that humanitarianism may not be the primary motive for deployment of force in Kosovo. In conclusion, collective security may have served as a very important solution to restoring and sustaining world peace but as to its effectiveness, some setbacks are evident through the examples elaborated above. From selective security to superpower states, collective security could not be said with confidence that it exist for the sole purpose of world peace. The intervention in Kosovo may have been necessary, but the motivation behind external armed force intervention is clouded and was not solely for humanitarian purpose. The system of collective security is inconsistent, hence having said all these, the question of effectiveness in practice could not be answered in the positive- The flawe d part is not the system as a whole but rather the methods chosen by external forces were highly flawed since there was lack of priority for humanitarianism. Bibligraphy Primary Sources United Nations, Charter of the United Nations, 24 October 1945, 1 UNTS XVI, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3930.html [accessed 20 March 2015] Secondary Sources Adam Roberts and Benedict Kingsbury, (1993), The UNà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Roles in International Society, United Nations, Divided World: The UNà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Roles in International Relations, 2nd Edition, United States, Oxford University Press, New York Booth, K. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ten Flaws of Just Warsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in the Kosovo Tragedy: The Human Rights Dimensions edited by Ken Booth (London, FrankKass, 2001) Barrie Watts,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The Role of the United Nationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Black Rabbit Books, 2004, New York Charles A. Kupchan, Clifford A. Kupchan, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Concerts, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“collective securityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , and the Future of Europe, International Securityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ , Vol. 16, No. 1 (2001) Charles A. Kupchan, Clifford A. Kupchan, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The promise of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“collective securityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , International Security, The MIT press (1995) Coady, C.A.J. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"War for humanity: a critiqueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ â„ ¢ in Ethics and Foreign Intervention (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003 Florian Beiber, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Constitutional reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina: preparing for EU accession, Policy Brief, (European Policy Center Brussels, April 2010) Immanuel Kant, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Perpetual peace: a philosophical essay.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (G. Allen Unwin Ltd 1915) London Inis L Claude Jr., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Swords into ploughshares the problems and progress of International Organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, 4th Edition, Random House (New York 1964) Joensson, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Understanding Collective Security in the 21st century: A critical Study of UN Peacekeeping in the former Yugoslaviaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (European University Institute, September 2010) Jackson and Sorensen, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Introduction to International Relations: Theories and approaches, (Oxford University Press, 2007) Natalia Ruiz, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Exploring the Limites of International Law relating to the Use of Force in Self-Defenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, EJIL 3 (2005) P. ThielbÃÆ' ¶rger, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Status and Future of International Law after the Libya Interventionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , 1 GJIL 4 (2012) UN, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"In Larger Freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all, adopted by the UN General Assembly on 21 March 2005 (A/59/2005) pp. 74-86 Vaughan Lowe, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"International Legal Issues Arising in the Kosovo crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, (Select Committee on Foreign Affairs Minutes of Evidence, 11 May 2000) https://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmfaff/28/0020805.htm accessed 20 March 2015 336083 [1] United Nations, Charter of the United Nations, Article 2(4), 24 October 1945, 1 UNTS XVI, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3930.html [accessed 20 March 2015] [2] ibid [3] ibid [4] United Nations, Charter of the United Nations, Article 51, 24 October 1945, 1 UNTS XVI, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3930.html [accessed 20 March 2015] [5] Vaughan Lowe, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"International Legal Issues Arising in the Kosovo crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, (Select Committee on Foreign Affairs Minutes of Evidence, 11 May 2000) https://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmfaff/28/0020805.htm accessed 20 March 2015 [6] In Larger Freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all, adopted by the UN General Assembly on 21 March 2005 (A/59/2005) pp. 74-86 [7] Joensson, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Understanding Collective Security in the 21st century: A critical Study of UN Peacekeeping in the former Yugoslaviaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (European University Institute, September 2010) https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/14711/2010_Joensson.pdf?sequence=2 assessed 19 November 2009 [8] Florian Beiber, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Constitutional reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina: preparing for EU accession, Policy Brief, (European Policy Center Brussels, April 2010) [9] Joensson, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Understanding Collective Security in the 21st century: A critical Study of UN Peacekeeping in the former Yugoslaviaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (European University Institute, September 2010) https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/14711/2010_Joensson.pdf?sequence=2 assessed 19 November 2009 [10] ibid [11] Fhorwich, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Collective Security: How is this principle articulated in the aims of the UN and has that organisation been successful in achieving those aims?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, (Scribd, 10 November 2009) https://www.scribd.com/doc/22370484/Collective-Security-Essay-Define-collective-security-How-is-th is-principle-articulated-in-the-aims-of-the-UN-and-has-that-organisation-been-succe#scribd Assessed 10 March 2015 [12] Adam Roberts,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The UNà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Roles in International Society, united Nations, Divided World: The UNà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Roles in International Relations, ( 2nd edition, United States, Oxford University Press 1993) [13] Chomsky, N. A New Generation Draws the Lone: Kosovo, East Timor and the Standards of the West (London verso,200) [14] Roberts, A. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"NATOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Humanitarian Warà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ over Kosovoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, (Survival, 41 1999) 3 pp102-23 [15] Taylor and Curtis, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Kosovoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, London, OUP 2001) 412 [16] Ibid 415 [17] Booth, K. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ten Flaws of Just Warsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in the Kosovo Tragedy: The Human Rights Dimensions edited by Ken Booth (London, FrankKass, 2001) pp. 314-324 [18] Coady, C.A.J. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"War for hum anity: a critiqueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in Ethics and Foreign Intervention (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003 pp 274-295

Jayber Crow Free Essays

At an early age Jayber Crow thought he was called to go into the ministry, but after many experiences and many questions about his religion, he found himself living in Port William, Kentucky as the town barber. Jayber quickly came to realize he needed Port William and loved to live and work there. Port William also came to realize that it needed Jayber. We will write a custom essay sample on Jayber Crow or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not only was he the town barber, but he became the town grave digger and the janitor of the town church. Jayber found a place where he felt loved and that he belonged, and he was becoming a productive citizen. At the age of 10, Jayber’s life had been turned upside down. His aunt Cordie died, and he had no other relatives, so he was placed in The Good Shepherd orphanage. While at the orphanage, Jayber felt that he had been called into the ministry. After being orphaned at such a young age with nowhere to call home, he may have been looking too hard for a place to fit in or a place that he belonged. This could have led him to believe that he had been called to preach. He started pre-ministry at Pigeonville College, but before long he had started questioning his own beliefs and found himself wandering around looking for answers and a place to call home.As far back as he could remember, Jayber had fond and vivid memories of the river where he was raised. He loved that river because it always remained the same even when everything else changed around him. The river made him happy. After leaving Pigeonville, Jayber found himself in Lexington, but it was not long before he realized he needed to move on. Jayber eventually returned to his beloved river, and it led him to Port William. Jayber had learned how to cut hair while in school and had a stint as a barber in Lexington.When he saw that there was a barber shop in Port William with no barber, he figured that he could easily fill the position. Throughout his 32 years as the town barber, Jayber Crow made many friends who would last a lifetime. Aside from being the town barber, Jayber was also the town grave digger and the janitor of the town church, all of which he thoroughly enjoyed. Since he lived above his shop in town, he could easily be found when a grave needed to be dug, and he was always more than willing to help the women at the church whenever they needed it. He loved his work, and his work loved him.The people of Port William welcomed him as part of the community. This story seems to be about the fact that Jayber was pleased with and thankful for the life he had, even though it was very simple. As he got older, Jayber moved to a two room shack on the river with no electricity and no running water, but he could not have been happier anywhere else. Jayber had found a place that he could call home and a town full of people that he could call family. In the story of Jayber Crow, the place where his deep gladness and the world’s deep hunger met was known as Port William. How to cite Jayber Crow, Papers

Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and Statutory Developments Method

Question: Discuss about the Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and Statutory Developments Method. Anbswer: Introduction: The Capital Maintenance Doctrine originated from the United Kingdom in the mid - 19th century. The reasons for its development was; firstly, to protect the creditors interest, and secondly, to ensure that the dissipation of the corporation assets gets done under Law. This doctrine comprises of the rules that made to ensure that the company gets hold of the funds that it has supposed to have raised and, that the accumulated capital gets preserved. The maintained capital is subjected to the exigencies of the company for the benefit and safeguard of its creditors and also, for the discharge of the companys liabilities. The law that supports the protection that the creditors have under the Company Act 2006 and the common law supports a challenge to transactions that cause harm to creditors. For example, when the transaction is at preference or undervalue. The capital maintenance doctrine also referred as the Companies Act 2006 contain the major five areas of law such capital maintenance, distribution, reduction of share capital, financial assistance, and purchase of own shares. These areas were created about the preservation of capital, and also, elaborates the current deregulatory measures that got introduced. Under distribution, the outdated provision of the CA 1985 got restated in Part 23 CA 2006 and was effected in 1st October 2008, which applies to the distribution made from that day henceforth. The CA 2006 initiated the significant changes to the rules of the capital that were meant to cancel the statutory that prohibits giving a loan to private companies. The Maintenance of Capital Maintenance Doctrine is still found under the Australia Corporation Act but, under the reform of other Jurisdictions, for example, the Solvency Test Approach. Australia amended its capital maintenance Acts in the current years with certain distinctions that fit its particular situations. The assumption behind the solvency test approach states that the law should ensure that the major risk problems, for example, the collapse of the company because it is the only situation that may make the company not to pay its creditors. Otherwise, all forms of distribution to the stakeholders such as payment of dividends, buy-backs, and capital returns are accepted. These distributions are allowed only when appropriate solvency test are met without distinctive between payment from the capital of profits. Moreover, the Maintenance of Capital Doctrine is still an integral part of the Australia Corporate Law. It has its relevant statutory term in the rules that are found in Chapter 21 of the Corp Act 2001. These rules deal with the following types of transactions that are likely to affect the position of the capital on a company.[5] First, it deals with the reductions in share buy-backs and shares capital of a corporation in part 21.1. Second, it impacts the self-acquisition and shares control by the company under section 21.2. Third, it deals with the financial assistance by a corporation when purchasing its shares in part 21.3, and lastly, it impacts the restrictions on the payment of dividends the companies under section 254T. These statutory Acts depend heavily upon the corporation being solvent prior getting into these types of transactions. Companies directors who get involved in these kinds of the transaction shall be held responsible if he does so on behalf of the company by bre aching the solvent trading provisions in Section 588G. References Boucekkine, R., Martinez, B. and Saglam, C. (2010). Capital Maintenance as a Key Development Tool. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 57(5), pp.547-567. D'Erasmo, A. (n.d.). The Companies Act 2006. SSRN Electronic Journal. Islam, M. (2015). The Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and its Statutory Developments: An Analysis. Northern University Journal of Law, 4, p.47. Tomasic, R. (n.d.). The Rise and Fall of the Capital Maintenance Doctrine in Australian Corporate Law. SSRN Electronic Journal.